Old Warner trailer brakes can be a source of frustration for many trailer owners. Whether you’re experiencing inconsistent braking, a dragging brake, or no brakes at all, diagnosing the issue can feel overwhelming. This guide will walk you through common problems, troubleshooting techniques, and solutions for getting your Warner trailer brakes back in working order.
Understanding Your Old Warner Trailer Brakes
Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s important to have a basic understanding of how your old Warner trailer brakes function. Warner has been a leading manufacturer of electric trailer brakes for decades, and while specific models and designs vary, the fundamental principles remain consistent.
Key Components:
- Actuator: Mounted on the trailer tongue, the actuator houses the electric motor that applies force to the master cylinder.
- Master Cylinder: Similar to your tow vehicle’s brake system, the master cylinder pressurizes brake fluid.
- Wheel Cylinders: Located at each wheel, wheel cylinders use hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder to activate the brake shoes.
- Brake Drums/Rotors: These house the brake shoes (drum brakes) or brake pads (disc brakes) that create friction to slow the trailer.
- Breakaway System: A critical safety feature, the breakaway system automatically engages the trailer brakes if it detaches from the tow vehicle.
Common Problems with Old Warner Trailer Brakes
Old Warner trailer brakes, like any aging mechanical system, can experience wear and tear over time. Recognizing common issues is the first step toward effective troubleshooting.
- No Trailer Brakes: This alarming situation indicates a complete loss of braking power and requires immediate attention for safety.
- Trailer Brakes Lock Up: This occurs when the brakes engage unexpectedly or remain engaged even when not applied, potentially causing damage and safety hazards.
- Weak or Inconsistent Braking: This problem manifests as inadequate braking force or an uneven application of brakes, making it difficult to control the trailer effectively.
- Dragging Trailer Brakes: One or more wheels experience constant friction, reducing fuel efficiency and accelerating wear on brake components.
- Spongy Brake Pedal: This symptom suggests air in the brake lines, hindering hydraulic pressure buildup and reducing braking effectiveness.
Troubleshooting Old Warner Trailer Brakes
Let’s explore some practical troubleshooting steps to pinpoint the root cause of your brake problems:
1. Visual Inspection
Begin by visually inspecting all brake components, looking for any visible signs of damage, wear, or leaks:
- Check the wiring harness: Look for loose connections, corrosion, or damage to the wires connecting the tow vehicle to the trailer.
- Inspect the breakaway system: Ensure the switch is properly installed and the pin is securely in place.
- Examine the brake drums: Look for signs of leaks, excessive wear, or scoring on the drum surface.
- Check the brake shoes: Inspect for uneven wear, cracks, or glazing, which indicates overheating.
2. Test the Breakaway System
With the trailer hitched but the tow vehicle off, pull the pin on the breakaway system. The trailer brakes should engage firmly.
If the brakes engage: The breakaway system is functional, and the issue likely lies elsewhere.
If the brakes don’t engage: The battery may be dead, or there’s a problem with the breakaway switch, wiring, or actuator.
3. Check the Brake Fluid
Just like your tow vehicle, trailer brakes rely on hydraulic pressure from brake fluid.
- Locate the master cylinder: It’s typically mounted on the trailer tongue near the actuator.
- Inspect the fluid level: Ensure it’s within the recommended range marked on the reservoir.
- Check the fluid condition: Brake fluid should be clear and free of contaminants. Dark or murky fluid suggests it’s time for a flush and refill.
4. Inspect the Brake Lines
Air in the brake lines can lead to a spongy brake pedal and reduced braking performance.
- Bleed the brakes: This process involves opening bleed valves at each wheel cylinder to remove trapped air bubbles.
- Inspect for leaks: Carefully examine all brake lines for any signs of leaks, cracks, or damage.
5. Adjust the Brakes
Over time, brake shoes wear down, requiring adjustment to maintain optimal contact with the drum.
- Consult your owner’s manual: Each Warner trailer brake model may have specific adjustment procedures.
- Use the star wheel adjuster: Located on the back of the brake assembly, the star wheel adjusts the distance between the brake shoes and the drum.
- Adjust gradually: Make small adjustments and test the brakes frequently to avoid over-tightening.
When to Seek Professional Help
While many trailer brake issues can be resolved with DIY troubleshooting, certain situations warrant professional assistance:
- You’re unsure about any aspect of brake repair
- The problem persists after trying the steps above
- You suspect a major issue with the actuator or other components
Conclusion
Maintaining your old Warner trailer brakes is essential for safe and reliable towing. By understanding the common problems and following these troubleshooting tips, you can often diagnose and address issues yourself. However, don’t hesitate to seek professional help when needed.